Alamomi da Ingantaccen Maganin Cutar Gyambon Ciki (Ulcer)

 Gabatarwa:

Mafi yawanci daga cikin mutanen al'ummar Hausawa sun ɗauki cutar gyambon ciki/olsa wadda a likitance ake kira da 'Peptic ulcer disease' tamkar ciwon da idan mutum ya kamu dashi bazai warke ba har abada sai dai yaji sauƙi. Wannan babbar katoɓara ce a ingantaccen ilimin kiwon lafiya na asibiti.

Gyambon ciki (ulcer) cuta ce wadda mutam zai iya warkewa kwata-kwata ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma in ya warke  ba zata dawo ba matuƙar an kiyaye abubuwan da ke kawo ta(1).

Mene ne gyambon ciki (ulcer)

Gymbon ciki, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna wani miki ne dake faruwa a cikin cikin ɗan adam a lokacin da sinadarin acid wanda yake taimakawa mutum wajen narkar da abinci ya fara yiwa fatar tumbi ko ƙaramin hanji illa. Sinadarin acid din yana fitowa ne daga jikin wasu tantanin halittu (cells) dake jikin tumbi domin narkar da abincin da mutum yaci kamin abincin ya shiga zuwa ƙaramin hanji(1).

Kamar yadda muka sani shi sindarin acid sinadari ne mai tsananin kaifi, raɗaɗi da kuma ƙuna idan ya haɗu da fata. Amma ita fatar tumbi da hanji tana da wasu hanyoyi da dabaru da take kare kanta daga illar wannan sindarin acid. Muhimmai daga cikin hanyoyin da fatar ke bi domin kare kanta sun haɗa da; tana da wasu tantanin halittu (cells) masu samar da wani majina da kuma sinadaran baikabonet (Bicarbonate). Majinar da tantanin halittun ke samarwa takan lulluɓe fatar tumbi da ƙaramin hanji ta hana acid saduwa da fatar kai tsaye, shi kuma sinadarin baikabonet yakan chakuɗa ne ya gauraye da sinadarin acid ya mayar dashi gishiri marar kaifi da ruwa ta yadda baya iya yiwa fatar tumbi sababi.(2)

Me ke kawo gyambon ciki (ulcer)?

Gyambon ciki/ulcer yana faruwa ne a lokacin da wannan sinadarin acid yafi ƙarfin dubarun kariyar fata har yayi nasarar yiwa fatar miki. Saboda haka masana ilimin likitanci sun kasa abubuwan da ke kawo gymbon ciki zuwa kashi biyu (2). 

• Kashi na farko shi ne ya ƙunshi abubuwan dake sanya ƙaruwar samar da sinadarin acid a cikin ciki fiye da ƙima. 
• Kashi na biyu ya ƙunshi abubuwan da su ke raunana dubarun kariyar fatar tumbi da hanji. 
• Kaɗan daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da masana suka ɗorawa alhakin cutar gymbon ciki sun haɗa da:

1. Kamuwa da cutar wata bakteriya da ake kira Helicobacter pylori; Ita wannan kwayar halittar bakteriya tana rayuwa ne a cikin fatar tumbi, hakan yakan raunana kariyar fatar tumbi. Kuma sinadarin acid baya kashe wannan kwayar halittar saboda tana da dubarun kariya daga sinadarin.

2. Yawan shan magungunan kashe ciwon jiki; Magungunan kashe ciwon jiki na iyalan NSAID irin su Aspirin, Peroxicam, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Feldene da dai sauran su, suna raunana dubarun kariyar fatar tumbi da hanji. Suna raunana fatar ne ta hanyar rage mata samun isasshen jini, rashin samun isasshen jini zai sa fatar baza ta iya fitar da majina da sinadarin baikabonet isasshe ba.

3. Yawan shan abubuwan da ke ɗauke da sinadarin kofi (caffein). Kamar irin shan nescafe da lipton zalla ba tare da madara ba. Shi ma wannan yana raunana fatar kamar yanda magungunan kashe ciwon jiki ke yi.

4. Daɗewa ba'a ci abinci ba; wannan shi ma yakan kawo wa mutum ulcer saboda abinci acikin ciki yakan hana sindarin acid yiwa fatar illah kai tsaye.

5. Shan sigari.

6. Shan giya.

7. Yawan ƙwarnafi

8. Magungunan irin su calcium channel blockers

9. Buguwar kai ta sanadiyar haɗari (cushing ulcer)

10. Marar lafiyar da wuta ta ƙone sosai (curling ulcer)

11. Haka zalika akwai wasu cututtukan dake sa fitar sindarin acid ya yawaita a cikin mutum irin su, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome da dai sauran su(2).

Alamomin cutar gyambon ciki/olsa (Ulcer)

Kamin muje ga alamomin cutar ya kamata mu ƙara tsokaci akan wuraren da gyambon ciki ke faruwa a cikin ciki saboda alamomin sun ɗan bambanta idan akayi la'akari da wurin da gymbon yake(2).

A ina ne ake samun gyambon ciki?

Mafi yawanci, ana samun gyambon ciki a wuri biyu wannan shi yasa masana suka kasa gyambon ciki gida biyu duba da wurin da ya auku. Wuraren su ne kamar haka:

1. A cikin tumbi (Gastric ulcer)

2. A cikin sashen farkon na ƙaramin hanji (duodenal ulcer).

Alamomin gyambon ciki (ulcer)

1. Ciwon ciki; Dukan gyambon ciki suna nuna alamar ciwon ciki, wannan ciwo yana aukuwa ne a ɓangaren ciki na sama, kuma yanayin ciwon yafi kama da raɗaɗin ƙuna ko zafi, wasu kuma suna kamanta shi da suyan zuciya, watarana ciwon ana iya jinsa a cikin ƙirji. Wannan ciwon na gyambon ciki yana da alaƙa da cin abinci, kuma alaƙarsa da abinci abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci wanda likitoci ke amfani dashi domin bambanta gyambon da ya auku a tumbi da kuma gyambon da ya auku a sashen farkon na ƙaramin hanji. Shi gyambon da ya fito a farkon hanji ciwon yafi aukuwa da dare, kuma yunwa ita ce ke tada wannan ciwon, amma da mutum ya ci abinci sai ciwon ya rage ko ma ya daina baki ɗaya. Amma gyambon da ya fito a cikin tumbi, shi ma yunwa ce ke tada ciwon amma idan ciwon ya taso yana ƙara tsananta a lokacin da marar lafiya yaci abinci.

2. Yawan ƙwarnafi

3. Yawan gyashin magus

4. Mutum yaji ƙirjinsa na zafi

5. Yawan tashin zuciya.

6. Kashin jini, ko kuma yin kashi baƙi-ƙirin.

Ku karanta wannan rubutu "Nau'ikan abinci da kuma abubuwan da ke tada ciwon gyambon ciki (ulcer)" domin sanin nau'ikan abinci da kuma sauran abubuwan da ke tada ciwon gyambon ciki don ku nisancesu

Yanda ake Maganin gyambon ciki a asibiti

Dafarko dai likita zai yiwa mutum tambayoyi masu zurfi game da lafiyar sa da kuma bayanai akan duk ilahirin abin da ke damun sa. Sannan ya duba shi a kan gadon asibiti bisani ya turashi zuwa ɗakin awo domin gudanar da wasu muhimman gwaje-gwaje.

Gwaje-gwaje masu muhimmanci wajen gane cutar gymbon ciki sune(3):

1. Endoscopy; Wannan shi ne hoton bidiyo na ciki da farkon hanji. Za'a yi wannan hoton bidiyon ne domin ganin gymbon da kuma yanayinsa.

2. Gwajin da ke nuna kwayar halittar bakteriya Helicobacter pylori.

3. Awon jini

Sauran gwaje-gwaje sun danganta da illolin da mutum yazo dasu da kuma abinda likita ke ganin shi ne musabbabin gyambon ciki.

 Magunguna da ake ba mai gyambon ciki (ulcer)

1. Maganin  cutar bakteriya ta Helicobacter pylori

Anan ana bada magunguna uku 

-Kwayoyin magunguna masu hana samar da sinadarin acid a cikin mutum ta hanyar toshe tantanin halittun dake ƙirƙirar shi. Hakan yakan sa gyambon ya warke cikin sauki saboda babu acid ɗin da kewa gyambon sababi. Waɗannan magungunan sun haɗa da kwayar maganin omeprazole, fantoprazole, rabeprazole esomeprazole da dai sauransu(3).

-Kwayar magungunan antibiotics na metronidazole da clarythromycin. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna maganin ƙwayar bakteriya nan ta Helicobacter pylori.

Ana shan waɗannan magunguna watau ɗaya daga cikin  magungunan dake hana samar da sinadarin acid da muka jero a sama da kuma biyun dake maganin kwayar halittar bakteriya, ko wane magani asha sau biyu a rana har zuwa sati biyu. Wannan shi ake cema warkar wa ta hanyar magani uku (Triple therapy) a maganin ulcer na asibiti. Kuma wannan shi ne mafi soyuwa a cikin magungunan gymbon ciki. Idan mutum yasha su bisa ƙa'ida da yardar Allah zai warke daga cutar baki ɗaya. Wasu masana suna so a ƙara da maganin Bismuth, sai magungunan su chika huɗu (4). Wannan shi ne ake kira warkar wa ta hanyar magani hudu (Quadruple therapy)(3).

Shan waɗannan magunguna bisa ga ƙa'ida yadda ya kamata yana warkar da mutum daga cutar baki ɗaya.

2. Magungunan masu gaurayewa da sinadarin acid su hana masa aiki: waɗannan magunguna suna maganin raɗadin zafin ciwon gymbon ciki a lokacin da ya taso amma basa warkar da mutum daga cutar baki ɗaya. Magungunan sun haɗa da:

- Aluminium sulphate

- Magnesium sulphate

- Milk of magnesia

- Gestid

- Gaviscon

- Roulux

3. Sai kuma magunguna masu rage samar da sinadarin acid a cikin cikin mutum; Wadannan magungunan suna rage yawan sinadarin acid ɗin da ake samar wa acikin cikin mutum. A lokutan baya, sune aka fi amfani dasu wajen warkar da gymbon ciki kamin samuwar magungunan dake iya hana fitar da acid din gaba ɗaya amma yanzu an rage amfani da su. Magungunan Sun haɗa da:

-Cimetidine

-Ranitidine

-Nizatidine

-Famotidine da dai sauran su

4. Magungunan masu inganta kariya ga fatar tumbi da ƙaramin hanji. Waɗannan magungunan su kuma suna jaddada kariya ga fatar tumbi da hanji ta hanyar samar da isasshen majina da sinadarin baikabonet da zasu lulluɓe fatar su hana sinadarin acid yayi mata tu'annati. Misalan su ya haɗa da:

- Sucralfate

- Misoprostol 

Abubuwan da ke sa cutar gyambon ciki (ulcer) ke dadewa bata warke ba duk da ana shan magani

1. Rashin shan magani bisa ga ƙa'ida

2. Kamuwa da kwayar Helicobacter pylori wadda bata jin maganin antibiotics.

3. Cigaba da shan sigari ko chin goro ga mai ulcer

4. Chi gaba da shan giya

5. Chi gaba da amfani da magungunan kashe ciwon jiki masu kawo cutar

6. Chi gaba da chin abubuwa masu tsami da yaji.

Illolin gyambon ciki (ulcer)

1. Zubar da jini a cikin ciki

2. Hudewar hanji

3. Hudewa ko kwakwarewar ciki

4. Aman jini

5. Toshewar mafitar tumbi

6. Ƙaranchin jini a jiki

7. Ciwon daji ko kuma sanƙarar tumbi

Yadda mutum zai kare kansa daga kamuwa da gyambon ciki (Ulcer).

1. Kula da chin abinci yadda ya kamata.

2. Yin taka tsan-tsan da magungunan kashe ciwon jiki. 

3. Taka tsan-tsan da shan ko wane irin magani ba a bisa ƙa'ida ba. Ba'a shan magani sai yanda likita yace.

4. Barin shan sigari

5. Barin shan giya

6. Taka tsan-tsan da shan abubuwa masu dauke da sinadarin caffein, kamar lipton da nescafe.

7. Rage shan abubuwa masu tsami sosai.

Kammalawa

A cikin wannan rubutu munga cewa gymbon ciki (ulcer) cuta ce dake damuwar mutane da yawa a al'umma. Babbar alamar wannan cutar shi ne ciwon ciki mai yanayin ƙuna ko zafi wanda ke faruwa a bangaren ciki na sama, ko kuma zafin ƙirji. Haka zalika munga cewa cutar gymbon ciki tana warke wa gaba ɗaya idan aka bi ƙa'idodin maganin ta na asibiti sau da ƙafa.

Idan kuna da tambaya sai kuyi a cikin akwatin sharhi dake ƙasa, Insha Allah zamu karba ba tare da jinkiri ba. Haka kuma zaku iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin kasancewa damu damu a koda yaushe da kuma samun ingantattun bayanan mu a cikin sauki. Ku danna wannan domin shiga: Lafiyata Group 3. 

Nassoshi

1. Peptic ulcer disease by Prof Peter Malfertheiner, MD Francis KL Chan, MD Kenneth EL McColl, MD Published:August 14, 2009

2. P. Ekström, L. Carling, S. Wetterhus, P. E. Wingren, O. Anker-Hansen, G. Lundegårdh, E. Thorhallsson & P. Unge (1996) Prevention of Peptic Ulcer and Dyspeptic Symptoms with Omeprazole in Patients Receiving Continuous Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy: A Nordic Multicentre Study, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 31:8, 753-758, DOI: 10.3109/00365529609010347

3. PPIs for prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer, Ernst J Kuipers, Published:February 20, 2018

Gargaɗi

Wannan rubutu anyi shi ne kawai saboda ilmantarwa, saboda haka rubutun bazai taɓa maye gurbin ganin likita ko zuwa asibiti ba. Bugu da ƙari, marubucin ya barranta kansa ga duk wani kuskure da ya faru ga wanda ya ɗauki magani a hannun sa. Haka zalika ba'a yadda wani wanda ba likita ba yayi amfani da wannan rubutu yana bada magani  ba. Ba'a kuma yarda wani ya saci wani sashe na wannan rubutu ya wallafa wani wuri ba tare da izinin ainihin marubuci ba.