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Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Imamu Ibnul Jazari
An haifi Shams al-Dīn Abu ‘l-Khayr Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ali al-Jazarī a Damascus a ranar 25 ga watan Ramadan, shekara ta 751 bayan hijira (daidai da shekara ta 1350 miladiyya). A lokacin yana dan shekara 15 ko 16, ba wai kawai ya haddace Alkur'ani ba ne, har ma ya himmatu wajen haddace shahararren littafin Shafi'ī al-Tanbīh, da littattafai guda biyu kan qirā'ah: Shatibiyyah da al-Taysīr. Malamansa sun hada da Taqi al-Dīn al-Baghdadi, Ibn al-Husayn al-Hanafi, Shaykh Ibn al-Labban, da sauransu. A cikin karatunsa na shari’a, ya amfana daga Jamāl al-Isnawī, Ibn Raslan, Abu ‘l-Baqā al-Subki, da sauransu. Daga cikin malamansa na Hadisi akwai Ibn Abd al-Karim al-Hanbali, Bahauddin Amīni, Ibn al-Muhibb al-Maqdisi, da Allāmah Ibn Kathīr da sauransu. Imam Tāsh Kubrā Zadah ya ce, “Ya koyi Hadisi daga gungun malamai.”
Imam Jazari ya haddace hadisai sama da 100,000, tare da sanin ilimin Hadisi, shari'a, da qira'ah. Imam Sakhāwi ya ce: “Malamai da yawa sun ba shi lasisin bayar da hukunce-hukuncen shari’a, da karantarwa, da koyar da ilimomin qirā’ah.”
Ya karanci ilimin kirā’ah a wajen malamai kusan 40 inda ya bi ta Damascus, Makka, Madina, Alkahira, da Iskandariya. Daga nan aka zabe shi a matsayin Shaykh al-Qurra a garin Damascus. A lokacin Levant lardi ne na mulkin Masar. Sarkin Masar, Malik al-Žāhir Sayf al-Dīn Barqūq, ya nada Imam Jazari a matsayin shugaban sashen ilimi na al-Jāmi’ah al-Salāhiyyah.
A shekara ta 797 bayan hijira, gwamnan Levant, Amir Altamash, ya nada shi a matsayin Qadi (alkali) na Sham. Sai dai Imam Jazari ya samu sabani da gwamnati kan muhimman batutuwan da suka shafi aikin shari'a. Haka kuma – saboda makircin wasu mutane da ke kishinsa – gwamnatin tsakiya ta fara zaluntarsa. Babu makawa, ya yanke shawarar barin Damascus ya yi hijira zuwa Bursa a Turkiyya ta zamani. Sarkin Turkiyya Bāyazīd bin Uthman Yaldaram - wanda ya riga ya san halin Imam Jazari - ya girmama shi da girmamawa, inda ya bukaci Imam Jazari ya zauna a Bursa na dindindin wanda Imam Jazari ya yarda da hakan. Daga nan ne aka fara samun albarkar laccoci da rubuce-rubucensa wadanda suka daraja iliminsa, musamman daliban qira’ah, sun amfana da shi matuka.
A shekara ta 805 bayan hijira, Timur Lang ya tashi don kai wa Turkiyya hari tare da hambarar da gwamnatin Bāyazīd. An kama Bāyazīd kuma ya rasu yana tsare. Baya ga tarin zinari da dukiya, Timur Lang ya yi sha'awar tara manyan masana kimiyya da fannoni daban-daban zuwa masarautarsa a Samarqand. Don haka Timur cikin girmamawa ya sa Imam Jazari da wasu zaɓaɓɓun malamai suka yi tafiya tare da shi. Ya tafi da su tare da shi, a cikin sojojin sarauta, zuwa manyan biranen ilimi a Transoxiana. A zaman da Imam Jazari ya yi a wadannan garuruwa, manyan malamai na kananan hukumomi sun zo suna amfana da iliminsa kuma suna ganin cewa wata babbar ni'ima ce a gare su, musamman bayan sun ci gajiyar ayyukansa da aka buga da suka kai gare su. Timur Lang ya ba Imam Jazari girma da amana sosai.
A shekara ta 807 bayan wafatin Timur Lang Imam Jazari ya nufi Shiraz ta hanyar Khorasan, Herat, Yazd (a Iran), da Esfahan. Ya isa Shiraz a shekara ta 808 bayan hijira. Pīr Muhammad, gwamnan Shiraz kuma jikan mahaifin Timur Lang, ya mutunta Imam Jazari da kuma ba shi yanke hukunci. Ya wajabta wa Imam Jazari zama a Shiraz, ya nada shi Babban Alkali. Bayan ya dade a Shiraz Imam Jazari ya tashi zuwa aikin Hajji a shekara ta 827 bayan hijira. Bayan ya kammala aikin hajji sai ya zarce zuwa birnin Alkahira inda malamai da dalibai suka zo daga wurare masu nisa don su ziyarce shi. An ga gungun masana al-Qur'ani da malamai a birnin Alkahira, dukkansu suna neman karbar Ijaza daga gare shi domin samun albarka. A cikin wannan taron malamai akwai wani matashi Ibn Hajr al-Asqalāni, wanda daga baya ya zama sanannen tafsirin Sahīh al-Bukhari da kuma fitaccen malamin hadisi. Baya ga wannan, Imam Jazari ya gudanar da laccoci a kan Musnad Ahmad, Musnad al-Shafi’ī, da sauran ayyuka da gabatar da ijāza.
Bayan ya koma Shiraz, Imam Jazari ya kafa wata babbar makarantar haddar al-Qur'ani mai suna Darul Qur’an. Ya kamata a lura cewa ya riga ya kafa makarantar haddar al-Qur'ani a Damascus mai suna iri ɗaya.
Tun zamaninsa har ya zuwa yanzu, babu wanda ya kai matsayin Imam Jazari a cikin ilimomin qira’ah. Al-Hāfiz Ibn Hajr al-Asqalāni yana cewa: "Ya kasance mafi girman matsayi a duniya a ilimin kirā'ah."
Allāmah Shawkāni ya ce: "Ba a taɓa samun irinsa ba a ilimin ƙirā'ah a duniya baki ɗaya."
Allāmah Suyūti yana cewa: "Lokacin da ya zo kan ilimin ƙira'a ya kasance a duniya babu irinsa a zamaninsa, kuma ya kasance hafiƙin Hadisi."
Mawlana Abd al-Hayy Farangi Mahalli ya ambaci, “Daga cikin maɗaukakin halayen Musulunci a ƙarni na 8 akwai Zayn al-Dīn Iraqi, Shams al-Dīn Jazari, da Sirāj al-Dīn Balqīnī.”
Imam Jazari ya rubuta ayyuka kusan 45 akan ilimomi daban-daban. Daga cikinsu, mashahuran ayyukansa sun hada da, al-Nashr fi Qirā'at al-`Ashr, Taqrīb al-Nashr, al-Durrah, Munjid al-Muqriīn, al-Muqaddamah al-Jazariyyah, Tahbīr al-Taysīr, Tabaqāt al- Qurrā, al-Tamhīd fi `Ilm al-Tajwīd, Tayyibat al-Nashr fi al-Qirā'āt al-`Ashr, and al-Hišn al-Hašīn.
A ranar 5 ga watan Rabi’ul Awwal shekara ta 833 bayan hijira (daidai da shekara ta 1429 miladiyya), Imam Jazari ya rasu yana da shekaru 82 a duniya. An binne shi ne a cikin harabar makarantar hadda ta Darul-Qur’an a garin Shiraz
Allah (SWT) Ya dawwamar da shi a cikin rahmarSa. Amin
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