Mura ita ake kira da "cold" a turance ko kuma upper respiratory tract infection a likitanci. Mafi akasarin lokuta, ƙwayoyin cutar virus sune suke haddasa mura. Amma yanada kyau mu fahimci cewa akwai ƙwayoyin cutar virus daban-daban waɗanda suke iya haddasa mura, wasu suna sanya mura maras tsanani, wasu kuma suna haifar da mura mai tsanani sosai.
Misalan ƙwayoyin cutar virus masu haddasa mura sune:
- Rhinoviruses mai haifar da mura ta yau-da-kullum
- Coronaviruses wasu daga cikin su suna haifar da mura maras tsanani, amma wasu na iya haifar da mura mai tsanani da sarkewar numfashi kamar COVID-19.
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mai haifar da mura ga ƙananan yara.
- Adenoviruses mai haifar da sarkewar numfashi da ciwon ciki da ciwon ido
- Enteroviruses mai haifar da mura mai tsananin zazzabi
- Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) mai haddasa tsananin zazzabi ga yara ƙanana
- Metapneumovirus mai kama yara ƙanana da manya da kuma haifar da sarƙewar numfashi tare da zazzaɓi.
Yawancin cututtuka da ƙwayoyin virus ke haddasawa, musamman ƙwayoyin virus da ke kawo mura, ba su da magani na kai-tsaye. Ma'ana, ba bu maganin da mutum zai sha domin magance su na har abada ko kuma tsayar da rayuwar su kai tsaye (complete and permanent cure), sai dai a bada magungunan da za su tsaida duk alamomin da suke iya haddasawa na mura ko a shawo kansu domin su lafa ƙwarai ta yadda ba za su iya yin wani tasirin haifar da cuta a jikin mutum ba.
Misali, idan mutum yanada cutar HIV/AIDS, har yanzu ba'a gano maganin cutar na har abada ba, sai dai a ɗora su a kan magungunan da za su kashe kaifin ƙwayar cutar har ta zamo ba ta da tasirin cutar dasu ko abokan zamansu (antiretroviral therapy).
Hakanan ƙwayar cutar hanta (hepatitis B & C viruses), ba su fita daga cikin jikin mutum gaba ɗaya, sai dai tayi sauƙin da ba za ta iya haifar wa masu ita da wani matsala ba, ko kuma abokan zaman su, matuƙar anyi musu allurar riga-kafinta.
Toh itama cutar mura da ƙwayoyin virus ke kawowa, ba'a ba da magungunan antivirals na kai tsaye, ma'ana magungunan mura basu kashe ƙwayar cutar mura kwata-kwata. Abinda suke yi shi ne suna magance alamomin da mura take zuwa dasu (symptomatic treatment or supportive care).
A nan ina nufin abubuwan da magungunan mura suke yi sune, warkar da ciwon kai, toshewar hanci, zazzaɓi, tari, ciwon ido, da sauransu, amma ba ruwan magungunan mura da ƙwayar cutar virus da ta kawo murar.
Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne, ƙwayoyin cutar virus da ke haddasa mura mafi yawanci suna warkewa ne da kansu, ko da magani ko ba magani daga zarar sun kammala tsayin zagayen rayuwar su to zasu mutu, sai mutum ya warke sai dai kuma wani lokaci in ya sake kamuwa.
Ƙwayoyin cutar virus na mura sun fi hayayyafa a lokacin da mutum yake yin zirga-zirga, amma da zarar ya kwata wuri ɗaya, toh, zasu rage hayayyafa. Wannan shi ne babban dalilin da yasa yawancin magungunan mura su ke ƙunshe da sinadaran kashe jiki (sedative agents), kamar diphenhydramine ko chlorpheniramine.
Sannan, abin lura shi ne, a lokacin da mutum ya kasance yana fama da mura na tsawon lokaci taki ci taki cinyewa, to, abubuwan da zasu iya haddasa hakan sune:
1. Kamuwa da ciwon mura mai tsanani (chronic rhinitis) ko kuma cututtukan bututukan hanci (nasal passages issues).
2. Kamuwa da cutar Asama (asthmatic attack) ko bijirewar hanci sakamakon yin mu'amala da wasu abubuwan da garkuwar jiki ba ta aminta da su ba (allergies), kamar mu'amala da ruwan sanyi, ko ƙanƙara, ko iska, ko ƙura, ko hayaƙi, ko turare, ko yaji, da dai sauransu.
3. Matsalar raunin garkuwar jiki (weak immune system) sakamakon kamuwa da wasu cututtuka na daban, wanda hakan yake sanya garkuwar jiki ta kasa daƙushe kaifin ƙwayar cutar mura.
Saboda haka, idan mutum yaga yana fama da cutar mura mai naci, kuma duk maganin da ya sha baya warkewa na dogon lokaci sai murar ta sake dawowa, toh, sai ya lura da abubuwan da yake yin mu'amala dasu na yau da kullum.
Idan mutum ya gane abin da yake haddasa masa murar, toh, sai ya daure ya daina yin mu'amala dasu. Kenan mutum baya buƙatar yin amfani da wani magani. Idan kuwa bai gane ba, to, yana da kyau yaje asibiti domin ganin ƙwararren likita kunne da hanci da maƙogwaro (Otorhinolaryngologist), saboda yayi masa gwaje-gwaje ya tabbatar da abin da yake faruwa dashi.
Bugu da ƙari, bayan ƙwayoyin cutar virus masu haddasa mura mai naci, akwai ƙwayoyin cutar bakteriya masu haddasa mura mai tsanani misali:
Ƙwayoyin cutar bakteriya na Streptococcus pneumoniae ta na haddasa mura da kuma cutar pneumonia.
Ƙwayoyin cutar bakteriya na Corynobacterium depthirae wadda ke haddasa cutar murar mashaƙo ko kuma cutar diphtheria.
Ƙwayoyin cutar bakteriya na Haemophillus influenza da dai sauran su.
Saɓanin ƙwayoyin cutar virus mafi yawancin ƙwayoyin cutar bakteriya masu kawo mura suna shafar hanci tare da haɗawa har da huhu su kawo cutar pneumonia. Wannan shi yasa za ku ga suna yawan haifar da tari tare da fitar da majina mai yawa da kuma wani launin da ba fari ba.
Ita kuma murar da ƙwayoyin bakteriya ke kawowa dole sai anyi amfani da magungunan antibiotics da kuma magungunan mura domin magance ta da kuma kashe ƙwayoyin bakteriya da suka haddasa ta.
Idan mun lura zamu ga cewa, mura tafi aukuwa lokacin sanyi da kuma mutane masu mu'amala da sany sosai, wasu ma har suna ganin cewa ai sanyi shi ne ke kawo mura. Toh wannan ba haka bane, yadda abin yake shi ne, mafi yawancin ƙwayoyin cutar da ke kawo mura suna son sanyi sosai, shi yasa idan akwai sanyi sun fi jin ƙarfin hayayyafa da kuma kawowa mutam cutar mura.
Sannan kuma su ƙwayoyin bakteriya masu iya kawo mura akwai waɗanda ake samu a cikin hancin kowane mutum, suna zaune lafiya ƙalau a matsayin normal flora basu kawo cutar komi, kamar ƙwayar bakteriya ta Streptococcus pneumoniae toh amma idan sun ji daɗin lokacin sanyi sai su hayayyafa sosai har su wuce haddi su kawowa mutum cutar mura.
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