Bayani Game Da Cutar Down Syndrome

Lalurar Down wacce ake kira 'Down Syndrome' a turance, ko kuma Trisomy-21 a kimiyyance, lalura ce da ake haifar yara da ita sakamakon ƙarin rabin ƙwanson jigidar halitta, ko guda a gurbin ƙwanson jigidar halitta na 21, wato chromosome 21 kenan, a jerin tagwayen ƙwanson jigidar halitta 23 da ke cikin kowace ƙwayar halitta. Saboda haka, 'ƙwanson jigidar halitta' a gurbi na 21 za su zama guda 2 da rabi ko kuma 3 maimakon guda 2 kenan.

Waɗannan ƙwanson jigidar halitta na zuwa ne tagwaye; wato biyu-biyu kenan a kowanne tantanin halitta (cells) da ke jikin ɗan adam. Wato akwai tagwaye har 23 kenan. Wannan ke nuna cewa za a samu jimlar ƙwanson jigidar halitta guda 46 a cikin kowace lafiyayyar tantanin halitta a jikin ɗan Adam.

Masu Lalurar Down Syndrome kuwa suna zuwa da ƙwanson jigidar halitta guda 47 maimakon 46 kamar yadda aka saba, saboda ƙaruwar ƙwanson jigidar halitta guda a gurbin tagwayen ƙwanson jigidar halitta na 21 kamar yadda muka yi bayani a sama. 

Ƙwanson jigidar halitta watau chromosome, shi ne maƙunshin da ke ɗauke da jigidar halitta.  Jigidar halitta kuwa na nufin 'Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid', watau (DNA), kuma wannan jigidar halitta ita ce rumbun da ke ɗauke da dukan bayanan gadon halitta daga iyaye (mace da namiji) zuwa 'ya'ya. Tantanin halitta kuma watau cell, shi ne tubalin ginin jikin ɗan Adam.

Meke kawo Lalurar Down Syndrome?

Kamar yadda muka bayyana, kowane tantanin halitta a jikin ɗan Adam na ɗauke da ƙwanson jigidar halitta guda 46, watau 23 daga uwa; 23 kuma daga uba. Amma masu Lalurar Down Syndrome suna ɗauke da ƙwanson jigidar halitta guda 47 maimakon 46 kamar yadda aka saba gani, saboda ƙaruwar ƙwanson jigidar halitta guda ɗaya a gurbin tagwayen ƙwanson jigidar halitta na 21. 

Sakamakon samun ƙarin ƙwanson jigidar halitta daga 46 zuwa 47, wannan zai haifar da sauye-sauye a lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa, zuciya da kuma gangar jikin yaro.

Alamomin Down Syndrome na zahiri sun haɗa da:

1. Shafaffiyar fuska (flat face), musamman shafewar goshi da karan hanci (depressed nasal bridge).

2. Ɗagawar angle ɗin ido zuwa sama.

3. Gajeren wuya da kuma taruwar fata a wuya.

4. Kananan kunnuwa da ke zaune a ƙasa.

5. Turowar harshe a waje

6. Rashin kumarin tsokokin jiki.

7. Nisa mai yawa tsakanin idon dama da na hagu

8. Zanen hannu guda ɗaya tak

9. Faɗaɗa kuma gajerun tafukan hannu

10. Gajerun yatsu, tare da ƙananun tafukan hannu da sawaye.

11. Bayyanar ɗiro-ɗiron fari a cikin baƙin ido.

12. Gajerta — ƙarancin tsayi.

Bayan waɗannan alamomin, akwai wasu matsalolin da ke iya shafar ci gaban rayuwa da samun walwala ga masu ciwon Down Syndrome sun haɗa da:

1. Jinkirin girman yaro, misali, ana tsammanin wuyan lafiyayyen yaro zai tsaya a watanni uku zuwa huɗu, amma masu lalurar Down Syndrome na iya wuce lokacin wuyan su bai tsaya ba.

2. Jinkirin fara magana/furuci.

3. Daƙushe war kaifin ƙwaƙwalwa, wannan zai haifar musu da wahalar koyon karatu.

4. Tawayar zuciya — ciwon zuciya, da sauransu.

Su waye ke kan haɗarin haifar yara masu lalurar Down Syndrome?

Har zuwa yanzu, babu wani tabbataccen sababi da ke kawo lalurar Down Syndrome. Sai dai ana ganin cewa iyaye 'yan shekara 35 ko fiye na da ƙarin haɗarin haifar yara masu Lalurar Down Syndrome fiye da iyaye 'yan ƙasa da shekara 35.

Yadda ake kula da masu lalurar Down Syndrome 

Saboda jinkirin girma da masu lalurar down syndrome ke zuwa da shi, likitoci na ƙoƙarin bunƙasa matakan girman su don su iya tsayar da wuya, iya zama, tsayuwa da tafiya gwargwadon matakin girman da yaro ke ciki. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu likitocin kuma da ke koya  musu furuci/magana da sauran ayyukan yau da kullum domin su iya kula da kansu nan gaba.

Daga ƙarshe, muna kira ga iyaye cewa Lalurar Down ba ciwon hauka ba ne! Don haka, duk yaron da aka lura alamun Lalurar Down sun bayyana a gare shi, a gaggauta kai shi asibiti don samun kulawar likitoci da wuri tun kafin ya nakasa.